Municipals were little changed as secondary trading slowed Thursday but the short-end remains under pressure and outflows returned to municipal bond mutual funds. U.S. Treasuries ended the session mixed and equities sold off hard.
Muni-UST ratios were steady Thursday. The three-year muni-UST ratio was at 61%, the five-year at 67%, the 10-year at 72% and the 30-year at 98%, according to Refinitiv MMD's 3 p.m. read. ICE Data Services had the three at 62%, the five at 67%, the 10 at 74% and the 30 at 97% at a 4 p.m. read.
Outflows returned as Refinitiv Lipper reported $1.217 billion was pulled out of municipal bond mutual funds for the week ending Wednesday after $46.912 million of inflows the week prior.
High-yield led with $128.285 million of outflows after $552.127 million of inflows the week prior while exchange-traded funds saw more inflows of $757.860 million after $952.134 million of inflows the previous week.
In the primary market Thursday, Ramirez & Co. priced for the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (Aa3/AA-/AA-/) $400 million of consolidated bonds. The first tranche, $300 million of Two Hundred Thirty-Sixth Series, saw 5s of 1/2033 at 3.44%, 5s of 2037 at 4.01%, 5s of 20042 at 4.29%, 5s of 2047 at 4.43% and 5s of 2052 at 4.50%, callable 1/15/2033.
The second tranche, $100 million of Two Hundred Thirty-Seventh Series, saw 5s of 1/2033 at 2.58%, 5s of 2037 at 3..29%, 5s of 20042 at 3.76%, 5s of 2047 at 3.93% and 5s of 2052 at 4.05%, callable 1/15/2033.
Short-end pressure
The result out of the FOMC rate announcement was "a good news/bad news — a smaller hike of 50 basis points but with a likely prolonged tightening cycle to come," said Kim Olsan, senior vice president of municipal bond trading at FHN Financial.
Munis "largely ignored the pre-announcement noise other than in ultra-short maturities," she said. The SIFMA Swap Index jumped to 3.73% Wednesday from 2.21% a week prior. It's at the highest level since March 2020 during the COVID-led short muni selloff when it hit 5.20% on March 18 and 4.71% on March 25 of that year.
The one-year triple-A muni is higher than the two-, five- and 10-year.
"With so much interest in booking tax losses of seasoned calls and correcting to higher ratios against short USTs, the sheer volume has created a yield penalty for sellers but a short-term opportunity for potential buyers," she noted.
The one-year municipal yield is at 2.66% as of Thursday. It opened the year on Jan. 3 at 0.17%, per Refinitiv MMD. As Refinitiv MMD noted, the one-year has risen 27 basis points in one week.
Since 2020, the one-year Refinitiv MMD spot average rate is "0.76% with a 3.14% high occurring in late October of this year and a current yield of 2.66%. This, Olsan said, results in better absolute yield opportunities "inside 2024 (the 1s10s MMD curve is inverted by 19 basis points) and between 2032 and 2042 (the 10s20s slope is 74 basis points)."
Displacement of floating-rate product has "pushed 2023 maturities to wider ranges — University of Texas 5's due 2023 sold +29/MMD for a name that often trades close to AAA scales in less volatile markets," she said.
"High-grade 5s in the 15-year range offer 3% or better yields — a long-time target for the 5% or higher TEY it throws off for top-bracket buyers," according to Olsan.
"Without the benefit (or pressure?) of new issue, secondary tax-exempt yields are likely to be range bound into early January — certainly more enticing than the 1%-2% area that prevailed at the end of 2021," she said.
Municipal supply outlooks for 2023 have many variables.
Over the last decade, the average annual volume is $405 billion.
"In 2013, the supply figure fell 18% below that level as the 10-year yield ran 21% higher than the 1.90% decade-long average," she said. "Following the enactment of new tax laws that negated advance refundings and also impacted by an average 2.47% average 10-year MMD yield, volume fell 17% in 2018 to reach just $339 billion."
In 2020 and 2021, those years brought "the two lowest yields of the period with corresponding supply rising 20% from the last 10-year figure," she said.
"Issuers booked long-term debt for low-2% range — the very bonds that have been tax swap fodder for most of this year," Olsan said.
November municipal bond issuance hit a
Through November, bond volume for the year has totaled $360 billion, "12% below the decade's annual level as the 10-year AAA spot has traded on an average yield of 2.44%, 28% higher than the 1.90% average since 2013," she said.
The figures reported show most firms anticipating less issuance in 2023 than the record levels hit in 2020 and 2021, but potentially more than 2022.
Additionally, Olsan said projections for expected supply partially rely on generic yields.
"The 60 basis point differential between the current 10-year spot range and the decade median of 1.90% offers potential opportunity," she said. "If the current approximate 2.50% level represents a starting point for 2023, any decline in yield would imply a corresponding increase in gross supply as issuers would benefit from lower net interest costs between new-money and refunding purposes."
Secondary trading
North Carolina 5s of 2023 at 2.67%. Texas 5s of 2024 at 2.81%-2.67%.
Maryland 5s of 2026 at 2.44%. Charlotte, North Carolina, waters 5s of 2027 at 2.44%-2.38%.
Massachusetts green waters 5s of 2029 at 2.44%-2.43%. Mass green waters 5s of 2031 at 2.46%-2.45%.
Mecklenburg County, North Carolina, 5s of 2034 at 2.61%-2.60% versus 2.67%-2.65% Monday. New York City TFA 5s of 2037 at 3.38%-3.37% versus 3.30% Monday.
California 5s of 2042 at 3.39%-3.32%. NYC TFA 5s of 2047 at 3.90%-3.85%. NYC TFA 5s of 2051 at 3.98%-3.93%.
AAA scales
Refinitiv MMD's scale was unchanged: the one-year at 2.66% and 2.49% in two years. The five-year at 2.43%, the 10-year at 2.47% and the 30-year at 3.42%.
The ICE AAA yield curve was mixed: 2.65% (+1`) in 2023 and 2.52% (+1) in 2024. The five-year at 2.46% (unch), the 10-year was at 2.52% (-1) and the 30-year yield was at 3.43% (unch) at 4 p.m.
The IHS Markit municipal curve was unchanged: 2.64% in 2023 and 2.49% in 2024. The five-year was at 2.45%, the 10-year was at 2.49% and the 30-year yield was at 3.41% at a 4 p.m. read.
Bloomberg BVAL was little changed: 2.61% (unch) in 2023 and 2.50% (unch) in 2024. The five-year at 2.44% (unch), the 10-year at 2.51% (-1) and the 30-year at 3.42% (unch) at 4 p.m.
Treasuries were mixed.
The two-year UST was yielding 4.236% (+3), the three-year was at 3.946% (+3), the five-year at 3.620% (+1), the seven-year 3.559% (unch), the 10-year yielding 3.451% (-3), the 20-year at 3.695% (-3) and the 30-year Treasury was yielding 3.502% (-4) at the close.
FOMC redux
Fed Chairman Jerome Powell's hawkish comments on Wednesday sent traders digesting the Fed's next moves after the Federal Open Market Committee hiked rates 50 basis points.
Powell stated in the post-FOMC news conference that policy is not at a sufficiently restrictive level yet. In three months, he said, the Summary of Economic Projections may increase, but it is not guaranteed because it will rely on data.
"Powell emphasized that the Fed needs to see substantially more evidence that inflation is headed towards the central bank's 2% goal before the Fed may consider a less restrictive rate policy," said Andy Sparks, managing director at MSCI Research.
"This is tough talk, given the significant improvement in reported inflation in October and November," he said. "Chair Powell's remarks [Wednesday] may open the Fed up to more critique from doves, who may argue that the Fed has overreacted and is pushing the economy into recession with its overly aggressive policies."
A Morgan Stanley report led by Chief U.S. Economist Ellen Zentner noted, "it was difficult for us to follow the logic of changes to the SEP and the Chair's comments, both of which appeared inconsistent.
"In the end, financial conditions moved little despite the quite hawkish delivery, which likely also reflects recency bias given the latest downward surprises to core inflation," the report said.
"The Fed does not want financial conditions to ease, but increasingly investors are saying: 'we hear what you are saying and we know what you want, but we don't believe you'," said Christian Hoffmann, portfolio manager and managing director at Thornburg Investment Management.
Fed projections for the past decade, he said, "have been less reliable than Paul the Octopus picking the winner of the World Cup, so you can't blame the market's skepticism."
What matters is when the Fed will be sufficiently restrictive, said Joseph Kalish, chief global macro strategist at Ned Davis Research.
With core personal consumption expenditure inflation at 5.0% "and heading lower and the new target is the Fed sufficiently restrictive range of 4.25% to 4.50%, the real fed funds rate is not yet in positive territory," he said. But with more hikes early next year, he said the funds rate should be in restrictive territory.
"Powell wouldn't concede a recession, but the higher terminal rate suggests more damage will be inflicted on the economy," Kalish said.
"This hawkish median dot plot, if realized, does keep the risk of a recession for the U.S. economy next year at an elevated level," said Scott Anderson, chief economist at Bank of the West. "We now see the risk of at least a modest U.S. recession in 2023 at around 70%."
And while Craig Erlam, a senior market analyst at OANDA, doesn't still believe the Fed "won't raise rates as far as the dot plot indicates," he said the "next hike may be another 50 basis points unless we see something more sustainable in the labor market and wage numbers."
But given the stance of policy is now better positioned to address inflation, Berenberg chief economist for Americas and Asia Mickey Levy expects the Fed will opt to downshift the pace of rate hikes to 25 bp increments," starting with the Jan. 31-Feb. 1 meeting.
Wells Fargo Securities Senior Economist Sarah House and Economist Michael Pugliese said it appears increasingly likely that "we are closer to the end of this hiking cycle than we are to the beginning."
The Fed's latest quarterly projections, Levy said, "suggest that the Fed has conducted a reality check and acknowledged that it has been too tentative in its policies to reduce inflation."
"An outright pivot to monetary policy easing remains farther off and will depend on how quickly inflation moves back toward 2% and how much economic pain is induced during the process," House and Pugliese said. "The Fed's soft projections for GDP growth and expectations for higher unemployment next year suggest it will be a bumpy ride."
As for whether the Fed will follow this new policy course, Levy said "it depends a lot on the economic and inflation outcomes and whether the Fed is willing to incur the short-run cost of reducing inflation to its 2% target."
Erlam noted markets have been ahead of the Fed several times this year, and "the central bank may simply be pushing back as a means of preventing complacency from appearing in the markets, undermining its own tightening efforts."
"But the case remains that the path back to 2% will likely be far less smooth than that to 9.1% and potentially just as disappointing at times," he said. "We should probably accept that now."
Mutual fund details
Refinitiv Lipper reported $1.217 billion of outflows for the week ending Wednesday following $46.912 million of inflows the previous week.
Exchange-traded muni funds reported inflows of $757.860 million after inflows of $952.134 million in the previous week. Ex-ETFs, muni funds saw outflows of $1.974 billion after outflows of $905.221 million in the prior week.
Long-term muni bond funds had outflows of $524.128 million in the latest week after inflows of $448.245 million in the previous week. Intermediate-term funds had outflows of $524.741 million after outflows of $228.166 million in the prior week.
National funds had outflows of $943.208 million after inflows of $226.343 million the previous week while high-yield muni funds reported outflows of $128.285 million after inflows of $552.127 million the week prior.
